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Talk to anywhere,
as fast as light allows.

The goal is communication that is as close to instantaneous as physics permits, wherever the two ends are, and secure. Physics sets the floor exactly: no signal, and no use of entanglement, outruns light. So the work is to reach that floor: routes that travel at nearly c, and key and entanglement banked before the message exists, so nothing waits on top. On Earth the floor is at most 67 ms; to Mars it is 3 to 22 minutes. Everything here is tested code and research models; nothing is yet a measured link.

Anywhere at light speed → Mars link simulator The numbers Read the thesis draft

J2000 range — one-way light time — Sun–Earth–Mars — ● entangled photons● classical bits

The catch, in numbers

Every figure below is computed by the repository's tested functions

Generated into site_data.json by scripts/build_site_data.py on every commit. Change the physics and the page changes with it.

3.1–22.3 min

one-way light time, Earth → Mars

44.6min

round trip a memory must survive at maximum range

3of 6

demonstrated memories that outlive it (f₀ = 0.95)

65.7dB

Micius two-downlink loss, reproduced at 30° elevation

11.00%

BB84 error threshold

393km

where an 8-segment repeater with 1 s memories beats direct fiber

32pairs

DEJMPS cost to purify 0.80 → 0.99 (BBPSSW: 2917)

1.43kB

key buffer to message once a minute through a Mars round trip

The physics

Nine equations carry the whole argument

Each is implemented in a module with an analytic test; the value shown is the module's output.

thermal

$$\bar n(\omega,T)=\frac{1}{e^{\hbar\omega/k_BT}-1}$$

5 GHz: n̄ = 1250 at 300 K, 1e-7 at 15 mK

qll/circuits/noise/thermal.py

light time

$$\begin{gathered}\tau=\frac{d(t)}{c}\\ d(t)=\lvert\mathbf r_{\rm Mars}(t)-\mathbf r_\oplus(t)\rvert\end{gathered}$$

range 0.3711–2.6755 au from Kepler elements

qll/space/ephemeris.py · docs/js/ephemeris.js (agrees to 1e-15)

free space

$$\begin{gathered}\eta_{\rm geo}=1-e^{-2r_{\rm rx}^2/w(L)^2}\\ w(L)=w_0\sqrt{1+(L/z_R)^2}\end{gathered}$$

Micius: 65.7 dB (reported 64–82 dB)

qll/channels/free_space_diffraction.py, link_budget.py

teleportation

$$\bar F=\frac{2f+1}{3}\;>\;\frac23\iff f>\frac12$$

exact Kraus simulation agrees to 2×10⁻³

qll/circuits/teleportation.py

memory

$$f(t)=\tfrac14+\big(f_0-\tfrac14\big)e^{-t/T_{\rm mem}}$$

useful until T·ln(4f₀−1); Mars max round trip 44.6 min

qll/network/memory_decoherence.py

keys

$$\begin{gathered}r_{\rm BB84}=1-2h_2(Q)\\ K\le-\log_2(1-\eta)\end{gathered}$$

threshold 11.00 %; every repeaterless rate asserted below PLOB

qll/qkd/key_rate.py, rate_bounds.py

nonlocality

$$S=2\sqrt2\,\frac{4f-1}{3}\;\le\;2\sqrt2$$

local bound 2; Stim-sampled GHZ gives |M| = 4 for Mermin

qll/circuits/chsh.py, mermin.py

purification

$$F'=\frac{F^2+\left(\frac{1-F}{3}\right)^2}{F^2+\frac{2F(1-F)}{3}+5\left(\frac{1-F}{3}\right)^2}$$

BBPSSW 10 rounds vs DEJMPS 4 for 0.80 → 0.99

qll/network/purification.py (16×16 simulation agrees to 1e-12)

relativity

$$\frac{\Delta f}{f}=\frac{\Phi_{\rm Mars}-\Phi_\oplus}{c^2}$$

Mars clock runs fast by 3.5e-9

qll/space/relativity.py

Three experiments, one physics

The same protocol at three distances

Two computers, one city

Heralded entanglement and teleportation over deployed fiber; herald round trip 0.25 ms. Done in the field in 2024; our version starts on a bench.

pass: herald > 1 Hz · S > 2.2 · F > 0.7

Earth to satellite

A single-photon downlink from low orbit; the Micius budget reproduced within 3 dB; rooftop link, then a ground station.

pass: budget ±3 dB · QBER < 5 % at 10° from the Sun

Earth to Mars

The same protocol with a 6–45 minute round trip and 10⁻⁹ loss. Done nowhere. Our version: delayed bits, relay scheduling, a messenger that fails closed.

pass: F > 2/3 after a stored 22-minute delay

8 simulations

Predict before you build

CHSH vs noise, teleportation with delayed bits, link budgets, repetition codes, key per pass, device-independent certification under latency, transduction trade, multiplexing at AU scale.

8 protocols

Build it on a bench

ODMR on a $170 diamond bench, pulsed NV control, an SPDC Bell source, a rooftop link, anticorrelation, a quantum eraser, BB84 over fiber with quantum-random bases, time-bin encoding.

The thesis question, answered

Which memory outlives which round trip

A Bell pair of fraction 0.95 stored in each demonstrated memory, decaying by the exact Kraus map, compared with the classical round trip of each baseline. Only hour-class ions and rare-earth crystals reach Mars, and the crystals pay for it in retrieval efficiency.

Loading the capability matrix…

Play with a qubit

Gates are rotations of a sphere

Apply gates and watch the state move. Drag to rotate the view. The amplitudes are multiplied exactly; probabilities follow the Born rule.

Try H, then T eight times: the arrow goes once around the equator. Try H Z H: it is an X.

How the code fits together

From a thermal occupation to a message that refuses to send without a key

Stern–Gerlach 1922Aspect 1982Hong–Ou–Mandel 1987Grangier 1986Bennett et al. BB84 1992Bouwmeester teleportation 1997Furusawa CV teleportation 1998Gruber ODMR 1997Hensen loophole-free 2015Micius 2017Bhaskar memory-enhanced 2020Pompili three-node network 2021Bluvstein 48 logical qubits 2024Knaut 35 km SiV link 2024Jinan-1 microsatellite 2025Google below threshold 2025Stern–Gerlach 1922Aspect 1982Hong–Ou–Mandel 1987Grangier 1986Bennett et al. BB84 1992Bouwmeester teleportation 1997Furusawa CV teleportation 1998Gruber ODMR 1997Hensen loophole-free 2015Micius 2017Bhaskar memory-enhanced 2020Pompili three-node network 2021Bluvstein 48 logical qubits 2024Knaut 35 km SiV link 2024Jinan-1 microsatellite 2025Google below threshold 2025

Interference lab · WebGL

Which-path information erases the fringes

Each pixel sums the two waves from the slits exactly. Move the pointer across the field to shift their relative phase; tick which-path and the cross term vanishes, the same physics as protocol P06, the quantum eraser.

wavelength slit separation which-path marker

Interactive

Eleven ways in

the goal

Anywhere, at the speed of light

Pick any two places on Earth, the Moon, or Mars: the light-time floor between them, how close fiber, hollow-core fiber, a low-orbit laser mesh, and a geostationary relay come to it, and why banked key and banked entanglement bring a secure message down to one trip at the floor.

lab · app

Build the two-room link

The main experiment in 3D, from a $40 starter to entangled photons: every part and its cost, live parameters, a terminal with the exact math, and logs the Python pipeline ingests. A quantum-channel lab certifies the hallway, maps it, and sends more than one bit per photon. An outdoor lab takes the link onto the roofs and up to a satellite pass, a frontier lab times teleportation from a cloud processor to Mars, and a messenger lab spends each link's key on real encrypted messages. Installable and offline.

simulator